When orthograde RCT fails, and when the apex isn't ready — surgical and biologic answers in one place
BDS · Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics · TOPIC 17 Endodontic Surgery & Immature- Tooth Management When orthograde RCT fails, and when the apex isn't ready — surgical and biologic answers in one place Two situations sit just outside routine root canal treatment. The first is the failed or unreachable orthograde case — a periapical lesion that did not heal, a canal that cannot be re-negotiated, a separated instrument, an iatrogenic perforation. The second is the immature permanent tooth — a young patient where the root is still growing and the apex is wide open. Both need a d…
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